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Material compare
2 selected Material property comparison: AISI 1018 Carbon Steel, AISI 1020 Carbon Steel Property AISI 1018 Carbon Steel AISI 1020 Carbon Steel Density 7870 kg/m³ 7870 kg/m³ Yield strength 370 MPa 350 MPa Ultimate strength 440 MPa 420 MPa Elastic modulus 205 GPa 200 GPa Shear modulus 80 GPa 80 GPa Poisson ratio 0.29 0.29 Thermal conductivity 51.9 W/(m·K) 51.9 W/(m·K) Thermal expansion 11.5 µm/(m·K) 11.7 µm/(m·K) Specific heat 486 J/(kg·K) 486 J/(kg·K) Melting point 1410-1450 °C 1410-1450 °C Hardness Brinell 126, Rockwell B B71 Brinell 119 Applications Shafts, Pins, Rods, Gears, Machine parts, Weldments Structural components, Carburized parts, Fasteners
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Carbon Steel
AISI 1018 Carbon Steel Low carbon steel. Good machinability and weldability. Most common general-purpose steel.
7870 kg/m³ 370 MPa
Carbon Steel
AISI 1020 Carbon Steel Low carbon steel. Similar to 1018 but slightly lower strength.
7870 kg/m³ 350 MPa
Carbon Steel
AISI 1045 Carbon Steel Medium carbon steel. Heat treatable. Good balance of strength and ductility.
7850 kg/m³ 530 MPa
Carbon Steel
AISI 4130 Chromoly Steel Chrome-moly alloy. Excellent weldability. Popular in aerospace and motorsports. Strength values are for the ANNEALED condition - quenched and tempered 4130 is substantially stronger.
7850 kg/m³ 460 MPa
Carbon Steel
AISI 4140 Alloy Steel Chrome-moly alloy. High strength when heat treated. Good fatigue resistance. Strength values are for the NORMALIZED condition (870 °C) - annealed is weaker and quenched and tempered is stronger.
7850 kg/m³ 655 MPa
Carbon Steel
AISI 4340 Alloy Steel Ni-Cr-Mo alloy. Very high strength. Excellent toughness and fatigue resistance.
7850 kg/m³ 862 MPa
Carbon Steel
ASTM A36 Structural Steel Most common structural steel in US. Excellent weldability. Low cost.
7850 kg/m³ 250 MPa
Carbon Steel
ASTM A992 Structural Steel Primary steel for W-shapes in US. Replaced A36 for structural shapes.
7850 kg/m³ 345 MPa
Stainless Steel
304 Stainless Steel Most common stainless steel. 18/8 (18% Cr, 8% Ni). Excellent corrosion resistance.
8000 kg/m³ 215 MPa
Stainless Steel
316 Stainless Steel Marine grade. Contains molybdenum for superior corrosion resistance.
8000 kg/m³ 290 MPa
Stainless Steel
316L Stainless Steel Low carbon version of 316. Better weldability, prevents carbide precipitation.
8000 kg/m³ 220 MPa
Stainless Steel
410 Stainless Steel Martensitic stainless. Heat treatable. Good wear resistance.
7750 kg/m³ 275 MPa
Stainless Steel
17-4 PH Stainless Steel Precipitation hardening. Very high strength with good corrosion resistance.
7750 kg/m³ 1170 MPa
Stainless Steel
430 Stainless Steel Ferritic stainless. Lower cost than 304. Magnetic.
7700 kg/m³ 310 MPa
Stainless Steel
2205 Duplex Stainless Steel Duplex (austenitic-ferritic). High strength. Excellent stress corrosion cracking resistance.
7820 kg/m³ 515 MPa
Aluminum
6061-T6 Aluminum Most versatile aluminum alloy. Excellent machinability and weldability.
2700 kg/m³ 276 MPa
Aluminum
7075-T6 Aluminum Highest strength aluminum. Not weldable. Zinc is primary alloying element.
2810 kg/m³ 503 MPa
Aluminum
2024-T3 Aluminum Aerospace aluminum. Copper alloyed. High fatigue resistance. Poor corrosion resistance.
2780 kg/m³ 345 MPa
Aluminum
5052-H32 Aluminum Excellent corrosion resistance. Good formability. Magnesium alloyed.
2680 kg/m³ 193 MPa
Aluminum
3003-H14 Aluminum General purpose alloy. Excellent workability and weldability. Manganese alloyed.
2730 kg/m³ 145 MPa
Aluminum
6063-T5 Aluminum Architectural alloy. Excellent surface finish. Good extrudability.
2700 kg/m³ 145 MPa
Aluminum
5083-H116 Aluminum Highest strength non-heat-treatable alloy. Outstanding seawater corrosion resistance.
2660 kg/m³ 228 MPa
Titanium
Ti-6Al-4V (Grade 5) Most common titanium alloy (>50% of all Ti production). Alpha-beta alloy.
4430 kg/m³ 880 MPa
Titanium
Commercially Pure Ti (Grade 2) Most common CP titanium. Excellent corrosion resistance. Good formability.
4510 kg/m³ 275 MPa
Copper
C11000 Electrolytic Tough Pitch Copper 99.9% pure copper. Highest electrical conductivity of commercial coppers.
8940 kg/m³ 69 MPa
Copper
C36000 Free-Cutting Brass Best machinability of all brasses. Standard for rating machinability (100%).
8500 kg/m³ 124 MPa
Copper
C26000 Cartridge Brass 70% Cu, 30% Zn. Excellent cold working. Originally developed for cartridge cases.
8530 kg/m³ 110 MPa
Copper
C51000 Phosphor Bronze 5% Sn bronze with phosphorus. Excellent fatigue resistance and spring properties.
8860 kg/m³ 165 MPa
Copper
C17200 Beryllium Copper Highest strength copper alloy. Age hardenable. Expensive due to beryllium content.
8250 kg/m³ 1035 MPa
Nickel
Inconel 625 Excellent corrosion and oxidation resistance. Used from cryogenic to 982°C.
8440 kg/m³ 517 MPa
Nickel
Inconel 718 Most used superalloy. Age hardenable. Good strength to 700°C.
8190 kg/m³ 1034 MPa
Cast Iron
Gray Cast Iron (Class 30) Graphite flakes. Excellent damping. Good machinability. Brittle, no yield strength.
7150 kg/m³ -
Cast Iron
Ductile Iron (65-45-12) Spheroidal graphite. Much more ductile than gray iron. Also called nodular iron.
7100 kg/m³ 310 MPa
Cast Iron
Malleable Cast Iron (M3210) Heat treated white iron. Improved ductility. Largely replaced by ductile iron.
7300 kg/m³ 224 MPa
Plastics
ABS (Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene) Excellent impact resistance. Easy to machine. Common 3D printing material.
1050 kg/m³ 44 MPa
Plastics
HDPE (High Density Polyethylene) Chemical resistant. FDA approved for food contact. Very low cost.
960 kg/m³ 28 MPa
Plastics
LDPE (Low Density Polyethylene) Very flexible. Excellent film properties. Lower strength than HDPE.
920 kg/m³ -
Plastics
Nylon 6/6 (Polyamide) High strength engineering plastic. Good wear resistance. Absorbs moisture.
1140 kg/m³ 83 MPa
Plastics
PEEK (Polyether Ether Ketone) Premium engineering plastic. Continuous use to 250°C. Biocompatible. Very expensive.
1320 kg/m³ 100 MPa
Plastics
Delrin (Acetal/POM) Excellent dimensional stability. Low friction. Good fatigue and creep resistance.
1420 kg/m³ 72 MPa
Plastics
Polycarbonate (PC) Extremely high impact strength. Optically clear. UV sensitive.
1200 kg/m³ 63 MPa
Plastics
PTFE (Teflon) Lowest friction coefficient of any solid. Chemically inert. Wide temperature range.
2200 kg/m³ -
Plastics
UHMWPE (Ultra-High Molecular Weight PE) Highest abrasion resistance of any thermoplastic. Self-lubricating. FDA approved.
940 kg/m³ -
Plastics
PVC (Polyvinyl Chloride) Second most produced plastic. Flame resistant. Low cost. Not UV stable.
1400 kg/m³ 52 MPa
Plastics
Polypropylene (PP) Lowest density of common plastics. Good fatigue resistance (living hinges).
905 kg/m³ 34 MPa
Plastics
PLA (Polylactic Acid) Biodegradable. Made from corn starch. Most popular 3D printing filament.
1250 kg/m³ -
Composites
Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer (CFRP) Quasi-isotropic layup values. Actual properties highly dependent on fiber orientation.
1550 kg/m³ -
Composites
Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymer (GFRP) Much lower cost than CFRP. Good corrosion resistance. Non-conductive.
1900 kg/m³ -
Composites
Kevlar/Epoxy Composite Excellent impact resistance. Difficult to machine. Negative thermal expansion along fiber.
1380 kg/m³ -
Concrete
Concrete (3000 psi / 20 MPa) Compressive strength 20 MPa (3000 psi). Standard residential grade.
2400 kg/m³ -
Concrete
Concrete (4000 psi / 28 MPa) Compressive strength 28 MPa (4000 psi). Common structural grade.
2400 kg/m³ -
Concrete
Concrete (6000 psi / 41 MPa) Compressive strength 41 MPa (6000 psi). High-strength structural grade.
2450 kg/m³ -
Wood
Red Oak Parallel to grain values. Hardwood. Most common hardwood in US.
700 kg/m³ -
Wood
Southern Yellow Pine Parallel to grain values. Softwood. Primary structural lumber in US.
590 kg/m³ -
Wood
Structural Plywood Values in strong direction (parallel to face grain). CDX = exposure grade.
550 kg/m³ -
Wood
Douglas Fir Parallel to grain values. Softwood. Premium structural lumber. Strong and stiff.
530 kg/m³ -